Apache HTTP Server

Hardening

• Quitar exposición de versión

Cambiar en:

/etc/apache2/conf-available/security.conf

ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature Off

• Securizar SSL

Cambiar en:

nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/ssl.conf

SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES
SSLProtocol -all +TLSv1.2 +TLSv1.3

SSLStaplingCache shmcb:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_stapling(128000)
SSLHonorCipherOrder on

Activar módulos:

a2enmod rewrite ssl headers http2
systemctl restart apache2

• Activar HSTS y más mejoras:

Abrir:

/etc/apache2/sites-available/tu-sitio-le-ssl.conf

Dentro del bloque:

<VirtualHost *:443>

Añade esto:

Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload"
Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
Header always set X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

Reinicia apache

a2enmod headers
systemctl reload apache2

Optimización para 3GB de RAM

nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_event.conf

StartServers            2
MinSpareThreads         25
MaxSpareThreads         75 
ThreadLimit             64
ThreadsPerChild         20
MaxRequestWorkers       120
MaxConnectionsPerChild  2000

/etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 35
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 15
pm.max_requests = 500

Optimización extra:

a2enmod deflate
a2enmod expires
a2enmod headers

MYSQL:

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

[mysqld]

# RAM usage control
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 600M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1

# Logs (mejor estabilidad que velocidad pura)
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
sync_binlog = 0

# Connections
max_connections = 60
thread_cache_size = 16

# Tables + performance
table_open_cache = 400
table_definition_cache = 400

# Temp tables
tmp_table_size = 64M
max_heap_table_size = 64M

# Slow queries (útil para optimizar WP + MediaWiki)
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 2

Vulnerabilidades

• apache2buddy

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/richardforth/apache2buddy/master/apache2buddy.pl
chmod +x apache2buddy.pl
./apache2buddy.pl

• Nikto

sudo apt install nikto
nikto -h https://techshareroom.com